雨水，二十四节气中的第二个节气，于每年的正月十五前后（公历2月18日－20日），太阳黄经达330度时正式到来。此时，气温回升、冰雪融化、降水增多，故取名为“雨水”。
the rain water, the second of the 24 solarterms, falls around the lantern festival (between february 18 and 20 in the gregorian calendar) each year, when the solar longitudereaches 330 degrees. by the time, the temperature begins to rise up, the snow and ice begin to melt, and rainfalls become frequent, hence the name “rain water”.
好 雨 知 时 节
(资料图片仅供参考)
good rain knows its time right
图片来源：新华网
photo from xinhuanet.com
雨水是一个富有浪漫情调的节气，在此时节的春雨，不同于疾风骤雨的夏雨，不同于凄清冰凉的秋雨，它是润物细无声的夜雨，是令人心生愉悦的杏花雨。雨水时节往往令人心情旷远舒畅，在文人墨客的笔下，也不乏感叹时雨的咏春诗词。
“天街小雨润如酥，草色遥看近却无。”韩愈用“润如酥”来形容初春小雨的细滑润泽。草沾雨后，远看似青，近看却无，描绘出了初春雨后的朦胧景象。
“好雨知时节，当春乃发生。随风潜入夜，润物细无声。”杜甫这首《春夜喜雨》以极大的喜悦之情细致地描绘了春雨的特点，意境淡雅，意蕴清幽，诗境与画境浑然一体，热情地讴歌了来得及时、滋润万物的春雨。
rain water is a solar term full of romance. unlike sudden downpours in summer and cold showers in autumn, spring drizzles often fall at night, silently nurturingeverything on earth; they are pleasant rainfalls alongside the falling apricot petals. spring drizzles oftenmake one cheer up and feel happy. across the ages, writers and poets have left numerous poems and proses eulogizing timely spring rains.
“the royal streets are moistened by a creamlike rain;green grass can be perceived afar but not nearby.”in the poem, han yu described spring drizzle as smooth as cream, and the lawn after rain looking green when viewed from distance but colorless nearby. this poem vividly depicts the obscure scenery after rain in early spring.
“good rain knows its time right;it will fall when comes spring.with wind it steals in night;mute, it moistenseach thing.”in the poem “happy rain on a spring night”, du fu expressed his affection for the spring rain, and the scenery it portrays is full of elegance and tranquility. the poem is like a painting, eulogizing the timely spring rain that moistens everything.
图片来源：新华网
photo from xinhuanet.com
如果说立春是一年时间的起始，那么雨水时节，就是一年生命的起始，从自然草木，到农圃作物，再到人类本身，都在雨水时节展现出了无限的生命力和发展潜能。
if the solar term beginning of spring marks the start of the year, rain water heralds the beginning of life in the new year. every living creature, ranging from plants and crops to human beings, demonstrates limitless vitality and potential with the arrival of rain water.
雨 水 与 惊 蛰
rain water and awakeningof insects
在如今的二十四节气中，雨水作为春天的第二个节气紧跟着立春，接下来是惊蛰、春分。但是在《汉书·律历志》中，春天的前四个节气顺序却是立春、惊蛰、雨水、春分，雨水与惊蛰的顺序恰好相反，而这样的历法，在汉代曾经通行过很长时间。
of the current 24 solar terms, rain water is the second oneafter beginning of spring. the next two that follow it are awakening of inspect and spring equinox. in book of han—records of music and calendar, however, the first four solar terms of spring in sequence were beginning of spring, awakening of insects, rain water, and spring equinox. but now, rain water falls prior to awakening of insects. the aforesaid calendar used to prevailfor a long time during the han dynasty (202 bc-220 ad).
图片来源：新华网
photo from xinhuanet.com
那么，当时的人们为何要调换雨水和惊蛰的次序呢？据说是因为儒家经典《礼记·月令》当中，对每一季、每个月的自然物候变化都有表述，且和后世节气的名称相似，比如《礼记·月令》在描述仲春（二月）的物候时，有“始雨水”的说法，其中的“雨水”与节气中的“雨水”字面相同，但二十四节气中雨水却在一月，两者颇有矛盾。所以西汉末年王莽改制时，国师刘歆奉命编定新的历法《三统历》，就将惊蛰放到了一月，雨水放到了二月。
so, why did people adjust the sequence of rain water and awakening of insects at that time? it is said that the book of rites—lunar termshas detailed depictions for phenologicalchanges in every month and every season, and the terms it used are similar to the names of the later 24 solar terms. for instance, when depicting the phenological traits of the second month of spring, the book of rites—lunar termssays that “rain water begins”. however, as a solar term, rain water fell in the first month of spring, which went against the depiction. for this reason, during wang mang’s reforms at the end of the western han dynasty, liu yin, the high priest, placed awakening of insects in the first month and rain water in the second month when he was ordered to compile the new calendar san tong li (“triple concordance calendar”).
《宋书》 图片来源：二十四史赏析
the book of song(photo from appreciation of the twenty-four histories)
不过到了魏晋南北朝之后，越来越多的人开始重新认可《淮南子》《逸周书》中对于二十四节气的排序。在沈约《宋书·律历志》和敦煌出土的北魏太武帝太平真君十一年的日历中，二十四节气里的雨水已经回到农历一月，紧跟着立春，也就和现在一样了。
after the wei(220-266), jin (266-420) and southern and northern dynasties (420-589), more and more people began to re-recognize the sequence of the 24 solar terms in writings of prince huainanand lost book of zhou. accordingto shen kuo’s book of song—records of music and calendarand the calendarof 450, the 11th year of the tianping zhenjun reign of emperor taiwu of the northern wei dynasty, rain water as a solar term had been changed back to the first lunar month, following beginning of spring—just as today.
春 雨 贵 如 油
rain in springtime is as
precious as oil
初春时节
各地农民抢抓农时
图片来源：新华网
farmers are busy in spring plowing in early spring.
photo from xinhuanet.com
雨水是全年第一个反映降水的节气。我国是农业大国，深知“一年之计在于春”的农人们，在经历过漫长冬天的休息之后，将在雨水开启新一年的忙碌……
俗话说：春雨贵如油。雨水节气前后，油菜、冬麦普遍返青生长，对水分的要求较高，因此春季适量的降水对农作物的健康生长有很重要的作用。
rain water is the first solar term of the year to indicate precipitation. china is a major agricultural country. farmers believe that the whole year’s work depends on a good start in spring. after the slack season of winter, they begin a year’s farming work with the arrival of rain water.
a saying goes that rain in springtime is as precious as oil. around rain water, winter crops as oilseed rape wheat begin to turn green, and they demand more water. therefore, appropriate rainfalls are vital to the healthy growthof crops in springtime.
雨 水 暖，倒 春 寒
cold spell in late spring despite temperature rise around rain water
一名游客春雨中漫步在梅花树下
图片来源：新华网
a tourist roams under a blooming plum tree in rain.
photo from xinhuanet.com
雨水时节，我国大部地区气温回升到零摄氏度以上，冰封的河水逐渐解冻。虽然这段时间气温回升较快，但活跃的冷空气并未停歇，“倒春寒”时有发生。
随着天气转暖，人体皮肤肌理开始疏松，抵御风寒能力减弱，仍需随时做好保暖工作，不过这时的“春捂”还应注意适时适度。
此外，雨水时节地表湿气渐增，温润不燥，益于调养肠胃阳气，健脾利湿。饮食方面应注重营养均衡，五味不偏，常食新鲜果蔬，少吃油腻、生冷之物，同时注意精神调摄，做到劳逸适度，起居有常，以清邪利湿，和顺肝气。
注意个人保健也很重要。大地春回，万物复苏，各种细菌、病毒极易滋生和传播，应从各方面积极预防，保护好自己。经常锻炼身体，进行有氧运动，提高和增强自身抵御疾病能力。
around rain water, temperaturerises above freezing point in most parts of china, and iced rivers begin to thaw. despite the rapid rise of temperature during the period, cold currents remain active, bringing chill to late spring.
as it turns warm, human skins become soft, resulting in the weakeningof cold-resistance capacity. for this reason, people still need to keep themselveswarm. however, excessive clothing during the period is also unhealthy.
in addition, the land becomes moist and the weather is moderate around rain water. it is a good time to nourish theintestines and stomach, enrich theyang, reinforce the spleen, and remove moisture of the body. people should pay attention to balanced dietby eating various kinds of food. they are suggested to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and less greasy, cold foods. moreover, peopleneed to smoothen their minds, work and rest appropriately, and keep regular hours in daily life, so as to dispel evil, remove dampness, and strengthen the liver and inner energy.
it is important to maintain personal health. with the arrival of spring, everything regains life. it is easy for variousgerms and viruses to grow and spread. therefore, people need to strengthen disease preventionand protect themselves well. they should do exercises, especially aerobics, on a regular manner, so as to enhance their capacity to resist diseases.
【参考资料】
1. 人民日报：《今日雨水丨好雨知时节 当春乃发生》
2. 徐丽成：《在“二十四节气”里读懂中国丨雨水：生命萌动的时节，蕴含无限潜能》
3. 封面新闻：《我们的节日·口述民俗丨东风解冻，散而为雨 关于“雨水”，你知道多少？》
4. 新华网：《今日迎来“雨水”节气 仍需预防“倒春寒”注意保暖》
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